DispatchServlet 初始化

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设计模型

  • Spring MVC 请求处理流程

  • Spring MVC 架构图

代码简要

  • Servlet:

所有的Servlet都是实现了Servlet接口，该接口提供了servlet生命周期的一些方法，如: init(), destroy(),service()<每次接收到请求都由该方法来处理>等，没有具体实现。

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public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException;
  • GenericServlet:
    该类实现了Servlet的init()方法以及提供了获取初始化参数的方法。init方法的实现最后需要由子类实现

获取初始化参数：

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ServletConfig sc = getServletConfig();
        if (sc == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                lStrings.getString("err.servlet_config_not_initialized"));
        }
        return sc.getInitParameter(name);

init()初始化：

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public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
this.init();//调用下面的init()方法（没有具体实现）
   }
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public void init() throws ServletException {
    }
  • HttpServlet
    实现了servlet的service()方法，所有的请求都由该方法来处理，判断走doGet()还是doPost()等等。
    该方法是有Tomcat容器来调用的(init()方法也是)。
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public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        HttpServletRequest  request;
        HttpServletResponse response;
        
        if (!(req instanceof HttpServletRequest &&
                res instanceof HttpServletResponse)) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        service(request, response);
    }
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protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String method = req.getMethod();
        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
                // to go through further expensive logic
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified) {
                    // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
                    // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
                    // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);
            
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);
            
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);
            
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);
            
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);
            
        } else {
            //
            // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
            // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
            //
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
            
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }

以上几个类都是不需要Spring框架的参与。

  • HttpServletBean

该类最终重载实现了GenericServlet类的init()方法。注意: 方法是final类型，不可以被继承。

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@Override
	public final void init() throws ServletException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
		}
		// Set bean properties from init parameters.
		try {
			PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
			BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
			ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
			bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
			initBeanWrapper(bw);
			bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
		initServletBean();
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
		}
	}

上面的类需要调用initServletBean()方法，该方法在HttpServletBean类中没有具体实现，如下：

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protected void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
	}
  • FrameworkServlet
    实现了HttpServletBean类的initServletBean()方法，初始化WebApplicationContext。并且重载了HttpServlet类的service()方法，以及所有的doGet(),doPost()方法, 这些方法最后都调用了doService()方法(该类没有实现doService(),由DispatchServlet类具体实现)。
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@Override
	protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
		getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
		if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		try {
		    //初始化WebApplicationContext
			this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
			initFrameworkServlet();
		}
		catch (ServletException ex) {
			this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
			this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
			this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
					elapsedTime + " ms");
		}
	}
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protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
		WebApplicationContext rootContext =
				WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
		WebApplicationContext wac = null;
		if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
			// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
			wac = this.webApplicationContext;
			if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
						// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
						cwac.setParent(rootContext);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
				}
			}
		}
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
			// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
			// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
			// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
			wac = findWebApplicationContext();
		}
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
			wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
		}
		if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
			// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
			// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
			// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
			onRefresh(wac);
		}
		if (this.publishContext) {
			// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
			String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
			getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
			if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
						"' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
			}
		}
		return wac;
	}

上面的方法初始化一个WebApplicationContext.

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protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
		// For subclasses: do nothing by default.
	}
  • DispatcherServlet

实现FrameworkServlet类的onRefresh()方法，在该方法中具体初始化Spring MVC需要的一些策略对象。如HandlerMappings，HandlerAdapters等。

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/**
	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
	 */
	@Override
	protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
		initStrategies(context);
	}
	/**
	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
	 * <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
	 */
	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}

至此，DispatchServlet对象的初始化完成。

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